The intravenous urogram in idiopathic hydronephrosis. Mr urography mru can be used to thoroughly evaluate the renal parenchyma, the pelvicaliceal system, and the rest of the urinary tract in a single imaging study as in ct urography but without radiation exposure and iv contrast administration. Intravenous urography has traditionally been used as the means of investigation, but over recent years this has been superseded by ct urography. Xrays pass through fluid and soft tissues, but are blocked by more dense or more solid structures such as bones. Mru is limited by longer examination times than for ct urography, decreased spatial resolution, and an inability to reliably depict. The information provided should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. Retrograde pyelography an overview sciencedirect topics. The aim is to illustrate the collecting systems, ureters and bladder with intravenous contrast, albeit in a single acquisition as opposed to the multiple and more. Intravenous urogram definition of intravenous urogram by. A urogram may demonstrate partial obstruction, hydroureteronephrosis, and drainage into the vagina. Urography is also often performed using computed tomography ct or magnetic resonance imaging mri. Intravenous urogram ivu an ivu is a test that shows us how your childs kidneys work.
Intravenous pyelogram ivp is an xray exam that uses a special dye to outline the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Ureteric colic is a common presentation in the emergency department and accounts for approximately 1% of all hospital admissions. Intravenous pyelography ivp is the standard mode of imaging and allows good visualization of the upper and lower. Ncert books pdf download 2020 for class 12, 11, 10, 9, 8. Intravenous pyelogram an overview sciencedirect topics.
Role of intravenous urogram in investigation of urinary. This guide will allow the radiographers to carry out the procedure. Intravenous urogram ivu pediatric radiology childrens. Intravenous urography pyelography is a test that uses xrays and a special dye to help assess the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. This study was designed to see whether there is a difference in complications and the need for ancillary procedures in patients managed by eswl for renal and ureteric calculi, according to preoperative imaging technique. Intravenous urography definition of intravenous urography. It is not the purpose of this paper to exploit the advantages and possibilities of each method of urography but rather to evaluate honestly the indications and contraindications for each. Ctu, ivu, urinary tract, obstruction, tumor, congenital. Download fulltext pdf analysis of intravenous urography findings in a tertiary reference center article pdf available in eurasian journal of medicine 502 june 2018 with 82 reads. We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. To determine whether intravenous urography ivu is a prerequisite for shockwave lithotripsy swl of renal stones by addressing whether using noncontrastenhanced ct ncct instead of ivu for delineating urinary tract anatomy is associated with postswl complications.
Although excretory and retrograde urography have individual. Intravenous urography is the second most common tool after. It is, however, associated with significant disadvantages in terms of cost and toxicity. Of interest to examine the patient before performing any procedure should not be taken lightly. Image quality and pathology assessment in ct urography. Thirtyeight patients treated by swl econolith 2000 for radiopaque. Apr 28, 2004 an intravenous urogram ivu has traditionally been considered mandatory before treating renal and ureteric stones by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy eswl. An intravenous pyelogram pieuhlowgram, also called an excretory urogram, is an xray exam of your urinary tract. Use pdf download to do whatever you like with pdf files on the web and regain control. The nhs purchasing and supply agency centre for evidencebased purchasing produced an evaluation report in february 2009 stating that an intravenous urogram ivu undertaken by tomosynthesis takes less time than a standard series of radiographic and tomographic images. Intravenous urography an overview sciencedirect topics.
Benefits of ct urography in patients presenting to the. An intravenous pyelogram ivp is an xray examination of the kidneys. The kidneys are a pair of beanshaped organs that allow the body to collect urine and send it to the bladder. What is an intravenous pyelogram ivp or intravenous urogram ivu. Forty patients age 019 years were identified over a two year period in whom the differential renal uptake was 10%, who had smooth renal outlines, and had no evidence of scarring. Ct urography is defined as ct examination of the kidneys, ureters and bladder with at least one series of images acquired during the excretory phase after intravenous.
A series of xrays are taken of the abdomen at various time. Intravenous urography ivu, also referred to as intravenous pyelography ivp or excretory urography eu, is a radiographic study of the renal parenchyma, pelvicalyceal system, ureters and the urinary bladder. References to any names, marks, products, or services of third parties or hypertext links to third. Ct has many disadvantages over ivu including its high cost and the higher radiation dose but it is more effective than ivu. There is a good correlation between dose of contrast medium injected and plasma concentration. Apply the rules of urographic interpretation to the evaluation of urinary tract disease. Web to pdf convert any web pages to highquality pdf files while retaining page layout, images, text and. An ivu is an xray examination of your kidneys and bladder. Intravenous means within a vein, as the dye travels in veins. Our aim was to compare ct images from native, nephrographic and excretory phases using image quality criteria as well as the detection of positive pathological findings in ct urography, to explore if the radiation burden to the younger group of patients or patients with negative outcomes can be reduced.
This chapter outlines the place of conventional radiology in the diagnosis and management of idiopathic hydronephrosis. It is a medical procedure used to visualise the kidney and lower urinary tract to help diagnose problems such as infections. Ct urography ctu or ctivu has now largely replaced traditional ivu in imaging the genitourinary tract. Some prefer the term urogram to refer to visualization of the kidney parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis. The optimal dose of contrast medium was 400 mg of iodine0. Intravenous urogram synonyms, intravenous urogram pronunciation, intravenous urogram translation, english dictionary definition of intravenous urogram. In pocket companion to brenner and rectors the kidney eighth edition, 2011. Very rarely, it is possible to experience a delayed reaction, up to 48 hours post contrast media injection and if any of the symptoms listed below occur, it is essential that you attend the accident and emergency department immediately. Pdf for many years, intravenous urography ivu was the modality of choice for diagnosing urinary tract abnormalities. Manual on contrast media reports that studies show the amount of contrast. Intravenous urography is a radiographic study of the urinary system using an intravenous contrast agent dye. It is also possible to assess roughly how well each kidney is working. Intravenous urography is a test that uses xrays and a special dye to help assess your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra note. Jun 27, 20 identify the structures labelled af in this thank you for your interest in spreading the word about the bmj.
Studies on 1,476 intravenous urographic examinations done in a 15month period showed that the proportion of abnormal results varied widelyfrom 20% in patients with abdominal pain other than renal colic to 92% of those in prostatism. Information intravenous pyelogram intravenous urogram. An ivp may provide enough information to allow your doctor to treat you with medication and avoid surgery. It is not meant to replace informed discussion between you and your doctor, but can act as a starting point for such discussions.
Maximum dehydration is not achieved with the usual period of 8 to 12 hours fluid restriction before urography. Even in high dose urography, dehydration will improve the concentration of contrast medium in the urine in patients with normal renal function. It may be possible to see the shape of each kidney, and it will probably be possible to see if any stones are present. To analyze intravenous urography ivu findings in a tertiary reference center. There is greater detail of their internal structure. The arrangements, and the way tests are performed, may vary between different hospitals. Excretory urography is a type of contrast study used to verify and localize upper urinary tract disease. The intravenous urogram ivu is also known as the intravenous pyelogram ivp. With the recent advances in small animal ultrasonagraphy, excretory urography has become an underutilized procedure. Banner md, in penn clinical manual of urology, 2007. Intravenous urography is a test which x rays the urinary system using intravenous dye for diagnostic purposes. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Urography with conventional xray is known as intravenous pyelogram ivp. Thus, we believe that in the presence of even a single episode of microscopic haematuria in a man over 40, an intravenous urography should be. In some instances, information regarding renal function and disease pathophysiology can also be obtained. Technique and interpretation1 learning objectives for test 1 after reading this article and taking the test, the reader will be able to. Urography urography uses imaging and contrast material to evaluate or detect blood in urine, kidney or bladder stones, and cancer in the urinary tract. Some prefer the term urogram to refer to visualization of the kidney parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis after. Intravenous urography shows a variety of changes, including segmental dilatation of the ureter, ureteric stenosis. This is followed by intravenous contrast, a suitable delay 510minutes, and imaging for optimum excretory. Jun 20, 2016 intravenous urography is a test that uses xrays and a special dye to help assess your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Forty patients age 019 years were identified over a two year period in whom the differential renal uptake was 10%, who had smooth renal outlines.
The reaction cannot be expected to contrast media, and all patients should be cared for and tidy during the procedure. Diagnosis depends on a typical history, clinical examination and the presence of haematuria. Intravenous urography examination and if you need further advice, please contact your diabetic nurse. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Radiologyinfo web site at to view or download the latest. An intravenous urogram ivu is a special type of xray test that uses a contrast dye injected into your childs bloodstream. Intravenous urography has long been the cornerstone of the imaging evaluation of urinary tract disease. Our standard procedure for intravenous urography with optional images is outlined in the, table, 6, 10 the preliminary kidney, ureter, bladder kub radiograph is an indispensable part of the sequence. In suspected cases, investigations are needed to establish renal function, to rule out hydronephrosis and to evaluate continuity of the ureter 9 commonly used investigations for assessing urologic patency are intravenous urogram, abdominal and pelvic computerised tomography scan with intravenous contrast, retrograde ureterogram, renal. Precautions before use of contrast media in intravenous urogram. However, other imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are being used with increasing frequency. Download fulltext pdf urography prior to prostatectomy article pdf available in postgraduate medical journal 62734. Cystoscopy and retrograde pyelography are performed to evaluate for bladder injury and to visualize the distal ureteral segment if not well seen on the urogram. Intravenous pyleography ivp a radiographic exam that focuses only on the kidneys.
Like any other imaging study, intravenous urography should ideally be tailored to answer a specific clinical question, 4, 5. Of the many ways to obtain images of the urinary system, the intravenous injection of a contrast agent has been traditionally considered the best. The renal tract is made up of the kidneys, the ureters which are the tubes between the kidneys and bladder, and the bladder. Our standard procedure for intravenous urography with optional.
The pictures produced are called intravenous urograms ivu or intravenous pyelograms ivp. Information for adult patients intravenous pyelogram ivp or intravenous urogram ivu. Abdalla mutwakil gamal radiology department sebha medical center 2. Subsequently, iodinated contrast material is injected intravenously, ideally via bolus injection. The kidneys do not show up well on an ordinary xray of the abdomen. Because of accuracy in diagnosis and the controlling power throughout the course of most maladies of the urinary tract, afforded by their. Definition it is the radiographic examination of the urinary tract including the renal parenchyma, calyces and pelvis after the intravenous injection of the contrast media. Its main strength is that it images the entire upper urinary tract with a high degree of spatial resolution allowing detection of even small urothelial tumors. However, techniques usually involve initial noncontrast imaging in evaluation of renal tract calculi. This exam has been largely replaced by ct urography terminology. A contrast dye is injected into a vein on your hand or arm, and then xrays are taken. Unlike a kidneys, ureters, and bladder xray kub, which is a plain that is, noncontrast radiograph, an ivp uses contrast to highlight the urinary tract.
To examine the value of an intravenous urogram ivu in patients with abnormal differential 99mtc dimercaptosuccinic acid dmsa uptake without scarring or ultrasound abnormality. Intravenous pyelogram ivp intravenous pyelogram ivp is an xray exam that uses an injection of contrast material to evaluate your kidneys, ureters and bladder and help diagnose blood in the urine or pain in your side or lower back. During this test we will take xray pictures of your childs kidneys. The leaflet tells you about having an intravenous pyelogram ivp urogram ivu.
Genitourinary intravenous urography ivu and intravenous. Ten healthy, young, adult mongrel dogs were given sodium iothalamate at dose levels of 200, 400, and 800 mg of iodine0. Braasch1 summarized the matter well when he stated. Timed, sequential images of the kidneys and remainder of the genitourinary system are then. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions.
In essence, ct urography is performed in place of intravenous urography, for cases thought not to be due to stone disease cf. With an injection of a special dye called contrast medium, the kidneys show up better than on an ordinary plain xray. Intravenous urography ivu has been considered an integral component of the nephrourological workup since its introduction by swick in 1929. The shortcomings of the intravenous urogram ivu have given rise to radionuclide and pressure studies, but the ivu, nevertheless, remains the common initial study which may raise the question of hydronephrosis in any patient fig. Pdf analysis of intravenous urography findings in a tertiary. Intravenous urogram ivu examination your doctor has referred you for an intravenous urogram ivu. Patient information leaflet welcome to the iow nhs. Role of intravenous urogram in investigation of urinary tract. An intravenous pyelogram is a test that uses an xray and contrast dye to take images of your urinary tract, including your kidneys, bladder, and ureters. Digital tomosynthesisa new lease of life for the intravenous. Analysis of intravenous urography findings in a tertiary reference.
An intravenous pyelogram ivp, also called an intravenous urogram ivu, is a radiological procedure used to visualize abnormalities of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. The better the dehydration, the higher will be the optimal dose. Patients with the strongest clinical evidence of haematuria were the most likely to have abnormal urograms, and to undergo cystoscopy with abnormal findings on. You will not be able to eat or drink for three hours prior to this test. An intravenous pyelogram ivp is a type of xray that looks at your kidneys and bladder and the ducts ureters that connect them. Ct urography compared with conventional intravenous. The radiologist looks for a smooth nonlobulated outline of each kidney, no clubbing or other abnormality of the renal calyces collecting system, and no abnormal fluid collection in the kidneys that could suggest obstruction. Always follow the instructions given by your doctor or local hospital. An intravenous pyelogram lets your doctor view your kidneys, your bladder and the tubes that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder ureters. An attempt at retrograde stenting is reasonable if the. Ct urography is defined as ct examination of the kidneys, ureters and bladder with at least one series of images acquired during the excretory phase after intravenous contrast administration. Ncert books pdf free download for class 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 april 14, 2020 by kishen 16 comments there are many books in the market but ncert books stand alone in the market.
This is a retrospective study of 40 patients who underwent a ct urography. The information in this leaflet should explain what will happen before, during and after this test and also answer any questions that you may have. Feb 09, 2016 an ivu intravenous urography is an xray of your urinary tract consisting of kidneys, ureters and bladder following an injection of a clear dye called contrast into a vein in your arm. Intravenous urography definition intravenous urography is a test which x rays the urinary system using intravenous dye for diagnostic purposes. A normal intravenous urogram indicates no visible abnormality in the structure or function of the urinary system. It gives both anatomical and functional information, albeit with a relatively higher dose of radiation. Identify the structures labelled af in this thank you for your interest in spreading the word about the bmj.